Understanding Trailer Hitches

By: Author Unknown

Trailer hitches come in all sizes and shapes for a
variety of applications. However, hitches are
classified as either weight-carrying or weight-
distributing.

Weight-carrying hitches (such as a bumper pull) are
recommended for use when the trailer weight (including
cargo) is up to 3,500 lbs. Make sure the tow vehicle is
rated by the manufacturer to accommodate that load. The
tongue weight is carried directly on the rear of the
tow vehicle and on the hitch. You can find your
vehicle’s tow rating online at www.campinglife.com or
download a listing of tow ratings at
www.trailerlife.com.

Use weight-distributing hitches for heavier loads.
These hitches redistribute the tongue weight (see Some
definitions to know) throughout the frame of the tow
vehicle. The result is that the trailer’s weight is
distributed among the trailer axles and the front and
rear axles on the tow vehicle. Ask your dealer about
weight distribution hitches if you intend to tow using
a "bumper" type hitch or hitch receiver.

Fifth wheels and goosenecks are two weight-distributing
hitches used most often with pickup trucks. The weight
of the trailer is carried directly over the rear axle
with the hitch mounted in the truck's bed.

A fifth wheel hitch is used for larger trailers and is
a small version of the type of hitch used on semi
trucks. A gooseneck coupler attaches to a tow ball that
usually is mounted in the bed of a pickup truck.
Underneath the bed are support rails that are bolted or
welded into place.

A frame-mounted hitch is one where the hitch is
attached to the frame of the tow vehicle. This gives
more stability to a bumper pull type of hitch.

Before every trip, check the tow ball and coupler to
ensure they are the same size and that all bolts are
securely tight. Also, make sure the latching mechanism
is locked in place.

Hitch Notes

If you are towing a tag-along trailer, you must have a
Class III or Class IV hitch that is bolted or welded
to the frame of the tow vehicle. It must be rated to
match or exceed the weight of you trailer.

Whether you are towing a gooseneck or a tag-along, your trailer
should be level, the brakes and lights must be working properly,
the emergency breakaway brake must be attached and the
battery fully charged.

Safety chains or cables must be hooked to the tow vehicle.
Many states require safety chains or cables for gooseneck
trailers as well.

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